Seaweed and microalgae have gained significant attention in various fields as we previously reported. Microalgae could serve as a sustainable food source for humans and animals, potentially addressing global food security and mitigating environmental challenges such as carbon footprint and agricultural waste generated by the expansion of land-based food production. Microalgae are a potential source of energy, drugs, and other valuable compounds. The quantity of these bioproducts are usually at low levels, and the production costs are high. Therefore, biomass accumulation and bioproducts production are two crucial parameters for microalgae strain selection. However, these parameters can be influenced by different cultivation conditions such as available nutrients, light intensity and quality, CO₂ concentration, temperature, pH, and genetic engineering tools. The use of nanomaterials in microalgae cultures has several benefits, including improved CO₂ absorption from the atmosphere, better light conversion in a bioreactor, and increased microalgae yield. Despite these advantages, the properties and concentration of nanoparticles, and their possible interactions with microalgae are crucial to be investigated since nanoparticles can have toxic effects on microalgae and can also lead to environmental risks.

An extensive review on this topic was recently published by Aratboni et al.